Two Cent (1864 - 1873)

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Two-Cent Piece (1864–1873): A Unique and Historical U.S. Coin

The two-cent piece, designed by James B. Longacre, holds a special place in American numismatics as the first coin to bear the motto “IN GOD WE TRUST.” Issued during the Civil War era, this short-lived series was intended to alleviate coin shortages and simplify small transactions, offering collectors a fascinating blend of historical and design significance.

Key Design Features

  • Obverse: A shield with crossed arrows, surrounded by a wreath, with “IN GOD WE TRUST” prominently displayed on a ribbon above—the first U.S. coin to feature this motto. The date is below the shield.
  • Reverse: An open wreath encircling the denomination “2 CENTS,” with “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” around the border.

Composition and Specifications

  • Material: Bronze (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc).
  • Diameter: 23 mm.
  • Weight: 6.22 grams (96 grains).
  • Edge: Plain.

Production Overview

  • Business Strike Mintage: 45,601,000.
  • Proof Mintage: Approximately 7,500 (including scarce varieties).

History and Collectability

Introduced in 1864, the two-cent piece was minted to address the coin shortages caused by the Civil War. Early years, particularly 1864 and 1865, saw significant production numbers, but mintages dwindled rapidly in subsequent years. By 1873, the coin was issued exclusively as Proofs for collectors.

The series includes several key varieties and rarities:

  • 1864 Small Motto: A scarce and highly sought-after variety.
  • 1869/8 Overdate: Extremely rare, with only a few known examples.
  • 1873 Proof-Only Issue: The final year, struck solely for collectors.

Availability by Grade

  • Coins from 1864 to 1869 are accessible in grades ranging from Good to Extremely Fine.
  • AU pieces are rare, and fully Uncirculated examples with original mint luster are highly elusive.
  • Early coins often exhibit light strikes and surface imperfections, while later issues, such as the 1873 Proofs, are more refined.

Historical Insights

The two-cent denomination was conceptualized as early as 1836, with pattern coins designed by Christian Gobrecht. However, it wasn’t until the Civil War that the denomination gained traction. By 1864, Mint Director James Pollock advocated for its adoption, emphasizing its convenience and patriotic motto.

Despite initial enthusiasm, public acceptance waned, and the coin was eventually discontinued in 1873. Its brief existence and distinctive design have made it a favorite among type collectors and history enthusiasts.

Why Collect Two-Cent Pieces?

The two-cent piece is a cornerstone of U.S. coin history, representing innovation and resilience during a tumultuous period. Its unique design, historical significance, and key varieties offer a rewarding challenge for collectors.

Shop Rare Two-Cent Coins at ParadimeCoins.com

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