1860–1864 Copper-Nickel Indian Head Cents – Civil War Era “White Cents”
The Copper-Nickel Indian Head Cents struck from 1860 through 1864 represent a historically rich and visually distinct early chapter in the beloved Indian Cent series. These issues share James B. Longacre’s iconic obverse designintroduced in 1859, featuring Lady Liberty ... Read More
1860–1864 Copper-Nickel Indian Head Cents – Civil War Era “White Cents”
The Copper-Nickel Indian Head Cents struck from 1860 through 1864 represent a historically rich and visually distinct early chapter in the beloved Indian Cent series. These issues share James B. Longacre’s iconic obverse designintroduced in 1859, featuring Lady Liberty in a feathered headdress, but with a new reverse design introduced in 1860: a bolder oak wreath, Federal shield at the top, and a more prominent inscription of ONE CENT—a layout that would become standard for decades.
Nicknamed “White Cents” due to their pale appearance and thicker copper-nickel alloy (88% copper, 12% nickel), these coins were minted at the Philadelphia Mint during one of the most tumultuous periods in American history—the Civil War. As precious metals vanished from circulation, these heavier, nickel-rich cents competed with lighter, privately-issued Civil War tokens, and circulated heavily across the Union states.
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Mintage range: ~10 million (1860) to nearly 50 million (1863)
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Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 4.67 grams
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Composition: Copper-Nickel alloy
Collectibility & Market Appeal
All five dates (1860–1864) are relatively common in circulated grades, making them accessible to collectors and investors alike. However, high-end Mint State examples, especially those with original surfaces, strong strikes, and free of carbon spotting, are strongly pursued by Indian Cent specialists and condition-conscious collectors.
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Proof issues exist for each date, and are especially prized in Cameo or Deep Cameo designation.
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The 1864 Copper-Nickel marks the end of the short-lived “White Cent” era before transitioning to the Bronze format later that year.
For collectors seeking Civil War-era numismatics, early U.S. copper-nickel coinage, or type coins that bridge artistry and history, the 1860–1864 Indian Head Cents are a perfect fit.
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